5. Kūṭadantasuttaṃ

Khāṇumatakabrāhmaṇagahapatikā

323. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena khāṇumataṃ nāma magadhānaṃ brāhmaṇagāmo tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā khāṇumate viharati ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo khāṇumataṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena kūṭadantassa brāhmaṇassa mahāyañño upakkhaṭo hoti. Satta ca usabhasatāni satta ca vacchatarasatāni satta ca vacchatarīsatāni satta ca ajasatāni satta ca urabbhasatāni thūṇūpanītāni honti yaññatthāya.

324. Assosuṃ kho khāṇumatakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi khāṇumataṃ anuppatto khāṇumate viharati ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti . So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti.

325. Atha kho khāṇumatakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā khāṇumatā nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena ambalaṭṭhikā tenupasaṅkamanti.

326. Tena kho pana samayena kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo uparipāsāde divāseyyaṃ upagato hoti. Addasā kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo khāṇumatake brāhmaṇagahapatike khāṇumatā nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūte yena ambalaṭṭhikā tenupasaṅkamante. Disvā khattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bho khatte, khāṇumatakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā khāṇumatā nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena ambalaṭṭhikā tenupasaṅkamantī’’ti?

327. ‘‘Atthi kho, bho, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi khāṇumataṃ anuppatto, khāṇumate viharati ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tamete bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantī’’ti.

328. Atha kho kūṭadantassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ – ‘samaṇo gotamo tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ soḷasaparikkhāraṃ jānātī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ jānāmi tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ soḷasaparikkhāraṃ. Icchāmi cāhaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ soḷasaparikkhāraṃ puccheyya’’nti.

329. Atha kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo khattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bho khatte, yena khāṇumatakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkama. Upasaṅkamitvā khāṇumatake brāhmaṇagahapatike evaṃ vadehi – ‘kūṭadanto, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘‘āgamentu kira bhavanto, kūṭadantopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho so khattā kūṭadantassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena khāṇumatakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā khāṇumatake brāhmaṇagahapatike etadavoca – ‘‘kūṭadanto, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘āgamentu kira bhonto, kūṭadantopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti.

Kūṭadantaguṇakathā

330. Tena kho pana samayena anekāni brāhmaṇasatāni khāṇumate paṭivasanti – ‘‘kūṭadantassa brāhmaṇassa mahāyaññaṃ anubhavissāmā’’ti. Assosuṃ kho te brāhmaṇā – ‘‘kūṭadanto kira brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu.



这是我对给定文本的完整直译：
古达塔经
卡努马塔的婆罗门居士们
如是我闻。一时，世尊与大比丘僧团一起，约五百比丘，在摩揭陀国游行，来到了一个名叫卡努马塔的摩揭陀婆罗门村。那时，世尊住在卡努马塔的芒果园里。当时，婆罗门古达塔居住在卡努马塔。这个地方人口稠密，草木茂盛，水源充足，谷物丰富，是国王的封地，由摩揭陀国王频毗娑罗赐予古达塔作为梵施。那时，婆罗门古达塔正准备举行一场大祭祀。七百头公牛、七百头小公牛、七百头小母牛、七百只山羊和七百只绵羊被带到祭柱旁，准备用于祭祀。
卡努马塔的婆罗门居士们听说："尊贵的乔达摩沙门，释迦族人，从释迦族出家，正在摩揭陀国游行，与大比丘僧团一起，约五百比丘，已经到达卡努马塔，住在芒果园里。关于这位乔达摩尊者，有这样的美誉广为流传：'他是如来、应供、正等正觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。'他亲自证悟了这个包括天、魔、梵天、沙门婆罗门、天人的世界，并且宣说。他宣说的法，初善、中善、后善，有义有文，显示完全圆满清净的梵行。见到这样的阿罗汉是好事。"
于是，卡努马塔的婆罗门居士们从卡努马塔出发，成群结队地向芒果园走去。
那时，婆罗门古达塔正在高楼上午睡。古达塔看到卡努马塔的婆罗门居士们从卡努马塔出发，成群结队地向芒果园走去。看到后，他问侍者说："侍者啊，卡努马塔的婆罗门居士们为什么从卡努马塔出发，成群结队地向芒果园走去呢？"
"尊者，有一位名叫乔达摩的沙门，释迦族人，从释迦族出家，正在摩揭陀国游行，与大比丘僧团一起，约五百比丘，已经到达卡努马塔，住在芒果园里。关于这位乔达摩尊者，有这样的美誉广为流传：'他是如来、应供、正等正觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。'他们去见这位乔达摩尊者。"
这时，婆罗门古达塔心想："我听说乔达摩沙门知道三种圆满祭祀和十六种祭祀用品。但我不知道三种圆满祭祀和十六种祭祀用品。我想举行大祭祀。我应该去见乔达摩沙门，询问三种圆满祭祀和十六种祭祀用品。"
于是，婆罗门古达塔对侍者说："那么，侍者啊，你去见卡努马塔的婆罗门居士们。见到后，对他们这样说：'婆罗门古达塔这样说：请诸位稍等，古达塔婆罗门也将去见乔达摩沙门。'"侍者回答说："是，尊者。"他听从婆罗门古达塔的吩咐，去见卡努马塔的婆罗门居士们。见到后，对他们说："婆罗门古达塔这样说：'请诸位稍等，古达塔婆罗门也将去见乔达摩沙门。'"
古达塔的美德
那时，有数百名婆罗门住在卡努马塔，为了参加婆罗门古达塔的大祭祀。这些婆罗门听说："据说婆罗门古达塔将去见乔达摩沙门。"于是，这些婆罗门去见婆罗门古达塔。

331. Upasaṅkamitvā kūṭadantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, bho, hoti – ‘ahampi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmī’’’ti.

‘‘Mā bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkami. Na arahati bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Sace bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissati, bhoto kūṭadantassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati. Yampi bhoto kūṭadantassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ kūṭadantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ .

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bhavaṃ kūṭadanto ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ kūṭadantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo pahūtavittūpakaraṇo pahūtajātarūparajato…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto ajjhāyako mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto sīlavā vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo tīṇi māṇavakasatāni mante vāceti, bahū kho pana nānādisā nānājanapadā māṇavakā āgacchanti bhoto kūṭadantassa santike mantatthikā mante adhiyitukāmā…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. Samaṇo gotamo taruṇo ceva taruṇapabbajito ca…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…

‘‘Bhavañhi kūṭadanto khāṇumataṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Yampi bhavaṃ kūṭadanto khāṇumataṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ kūṭadantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu’’nti.

Buddhaguṇakathā



来到后，他们对婆罗门古达塔说："尊敬的古达塔先生，听说您真的要去见乔达摩沙门，是这样吗？"
"是的，诸位，我确实这样想：'我也要去见乔达摩沙门。'"
"古达塔先生，请不要去见乔达摩沙门。古达塔先生不应该去见乔达摩沙门。如果古达塔先生去见乔达摩沙门，古达塔先生的声望会下降，而乔达摩沙门的声望会上升。正因为古达塔先生的声望会下降，而乔达摩沙门的声望会上升，所以古达塔先生不应该去见乔达摩沙门。相反，乔达摩沙门才应该来见古达塔先生。
"古达塔先生出身高贵，父母双方血统纯正，追溯到七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评。正因为古达塔先生出身高贵，父母双方血统纯正，追溯到七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评，所以古达塔先生不应该去见乔达摩沙门。相反，乔达摩沙门才应该来见古达塔先生。
"古达塔先生富有、大富、多财，拥有大量的财富和物资，有丰富的金银......
"古达塔先生是精通咒语的学者，通晓三吠陀，精通词义学和语音学，精通古传说为第五的学问，通晓词法和语法，精通顺世论和大人相......
"古达塔先生相貌英俊，令人愉悦，具有最高等的肤色，有梵天般的肤色和容貌，身材高大，值得一见......
"古达塔先生有德行，具有成熟的德行......
"古达塔先生言语优雅，言辞优美，说话文雅、清晰、明确、有意义......
"古达塔先生是许多人的老师和导师，教导三百名学生咒语，有许多来自不同地方和国家的学生来到古达塔先生这里，希望学习咒语......
"古达塔先生年纪老迈，年事已高，年龄很大，人生已过大半。而乔达摩沙门年轻，刚出家不久......
"古达塔先生受到摩揭陀国王频毗娑罗的尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇......
"古达塔先生受到婆罗门波卡拉萨提的尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇......
"古达塔先生居住在卡努马塔，这是一个人口稠密、草木茂盛、水源充足、谷物丰富的地方，是国王的封地，由摩揭陀国王频毗娑罗赐予作为梵施。正因为古达塔先生居住在卡努马塔，这个人口稠密、草木茂盛、水源充足、谷物丰富的地方，是国王的封地，由摩揭陀国王频毗娑罗赐予作为梵施，所以古达塔先生不应该去见乔达摩沙门。相反，乔达摩沙门才应该来见古达塔先生。"
佛陀的美德

332. Evaṃ vutte kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca –

‘‘Tena hi, bho, mamapi suṇātha, yathā mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ, na tveva arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.


听到这些话后，婆罗门古达塔对那些婆罗门说：
"那么，诸位，也请听我说，为什么我们才应该去见尊敬的乔达摩，而不是尊敬的乔达摩应该来见我们。诸位，乔达摩沙门出身高贵，父母双方血统纯正，追溯到七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评。诸位，正因为乔达摩沙门出身高贵，父母双方血统纯正，追溯到七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评，所以尊敬的乔达摩不应该来见我们。相反，我们才应该去见尊敬的乔达摩。
provided by EasyChat


‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo mahantaṃ ñātisaṅghaṃ ohāya pabbajito…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ ohāya pabbajito bhūmigatañca vehāsaṭṭhaṃ ca…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo daharova samāno yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo akāmakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ assumukhānaṃ rudantānaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya …pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sīlavā ariyasīlī kusalasīlī kusalasīlena samannāgato…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo khīṇakāmarāgo vigatacāpallo…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kammavādī kiriyavādī apāpapurekkhāro brahmaññāya pajāya…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo uccā kulā pabbajito asambhinnakhattiyakulā…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo aḍḍhā kulā pabbajito mahaddhanā mahābhogā…pe…

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ tiroraṭṭhā tirojanapadā pañhaṃ pucchituṃ āgacchanti…pe…

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ anekāni devatāsahassāni pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gatāni…pe…

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ ti…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ehisvāgatavādī sakhilo sammodako abbhākuṭiko uttānamukho pubbabhāsī…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo catunnaṃ parisānaṃ sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…

‘‘Samaṇe khalu, bho, gotame bahū devā ca manussā ca abhippasannā…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati na tasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā amanussā manusse viheṭhenti…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo puthutitthakarānaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yathā kho pana, bho, etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ yathā vā tathā vā yaso samudāgacchati, na hevaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato. Atha kho anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato…pe…

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo khāṇumataṃ anuppatto khāṇumate viharati ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ. Ye kho pana, bho, keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amhākaṃ gāmakhettaṃ āgacchanti, atithī no te honti. Atithī kho panamhehi sakkātabbā garukātabbā mānetabbā pūjetabbā apacetabbā. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo khāṇumataṃ anuppatto khāṇumate viharati ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ, atithimhākaṃ samaṇo gotamo. Atithi kho panamhehi sakkātabbo garukātabbo mānetabbo pūjetabbo apacetabbo. Imināpaṅgena nārahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ettake kho ahaṃ, bho, tassa bhoto gotamassa vaṇṇe pariyāpuṇāmi, no ca kho so bhavaṃ gotamo ettakavaṇṇo. Aparimāṇavaṇṇo hi so bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti.



"诸位，乔达摩沙门舍弃了大家族而出家......
诸位，乔达摩沙门舍弃了大量的金银财宝而出家，包括地上和空中的......
诸位，乔达摩沙门年轻力壮，黑发浓密，正值青春年华，在人生的第一阶段就从在家生活出家为无家者......
诸位，乔达摩沙门违背父母的意愿，在他们流泪哭泣时剃除须发，穿上袈裟衣服，从在家生活出家为无家者......
诸位，乔达摩沙门相貌英俊，令人愉悦，具有最高等的肤色，有梵天般的肤色和容貌，身材高大，值得一见......
诸位，乔达摩沙门有德行，具有高尚的德行，善良的德行，具备善良的德行......
诸位，乔达摩沙门言语优雅，言辞优美，说话文雅、清晰、明确、有意义......
诸位，乔达摩沙门是许多人的老师和导师......
诸位，乔达摩沙门已经消除了欲望，没有骄傲......
诸位，乔达摩沙门主张业力，主张行为，不追求邪恶，对婆罗门种姓的人......
诸位，乔达摩沙门出身高贵的刹帝利家族而出家......
诸位，乔达摩沙门出身富裕的家族而出家，那是一个非常富有的家族......
诸位，有人从其他国家和地区来向乔达摩沙门请教问题......
诸位，成千上万的神灵皈依了乔达摩沙门......
诸位，关于乔达摩沙门，有这样的美誉广为流传：'他是如来、应供、正等正觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。'......
诸位，乔达摩沙门具有三十二大人相......
诸位，乔达摩沙门待人亲切，和蔼可亲，面带微笑，表情开朗，善于先开口......
诸位，乔达摩沙门受到四众弟子的尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇......
诸位，许多神和人对乔达摩沙门深信不疑......
诸位，乔达摩沙门住在哪个村庄或城镇，那里的非人就不会伤害人类......
诸位，乔达摩沙门是僧团的领袖，是众多教派中最杰出的，但是，诸位，其他沙门婆罗门的名声是这样那样产生的，而乔达摩沙门的名声不是这样产生的。乔达摩沙门的名声是因为无上的明行而产生的......
诸位，摩揭陀国王频毗娑罗和他的儿子、妻子、随从、大臣都皈依了乔达摩沙门......
诸位，拘萨罗国王波斯匿和他的儿子、妻子、随从、大臣都皈依了乔达摩沙门......
诸位，婆罗门波卡拉萨提和他的儿子、妻子、随从、大臣都皈依了乔达摩沙门......
诸位，乔达摩沙门受到摩揭陀国王频毗娑罗的尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇......
诸位，乔达摩沙门受到拘萨罗国王波斯匿的尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇......
诸位，乔达摩沙门受到婆罗门波卡拉萨提的尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇......
诸位，乔达摩沙门已经到达卡努马塔，住在卡努马塔的芒果园里。诸位，任何沙门或婆罗门来到我们的村庄领地，都是我们的客人。我们应该尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇客人。诸位，既然乔达摩沙门已经到达卡努马塔，住在卡努马塔的芒果园里，那么乔达摩沙门就是我们的客人。我们应该尊重、敬重、尊敬、崇拜和礼遇客人。因此，尊敬的乔达摩不应该来见我们。相反，我们才应该去见尊敬的乔达摩。诸位，我所知道的关于尊敬的乔达摩的赞美就这么多，但尊敬的乔达摩的美德不仅限于此。尊敬的乔达摩具有无量的美德。"

333. Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā kūṭadantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yathā kho bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇe bhāsati, ito cepi so bhavaṃ gotamo yojanasate viharati, alameva saddhena kulaputtena dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ api puṭosenā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho, sabbeva mayaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.

Mahāvijitarājayaññakathā

334. Atha kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ yena ambalaṭṭhikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi . Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Khāṇumatakāpi kho brāhmaṇagahapatikā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.

335. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho gotama – ‘samaṇo gotamo tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ soḷasaparikkhāraṃ jānātī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ jānāmi tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ soḷasaparikkhāraṃ. Icchāmi cāhaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ. Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ soḷasaparikkhāraṃ desetū’’ti.

336. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇāhi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, brāhmaṇa , rājā mahāvijito nāma ahosi aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo pahūtajātarūparajato pahūtavittūpakaraṇo pahūtadhanadhañño paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro. Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, rañño mahāvijitassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘adhigatā kho me vipulā mānusakā bhogā, mahantaṃ pathavimaṇḍalaṃ abhivijiya ajjhāvasāmi , yaṃnūnāhaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajeyyaṃ, yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti.

337. ‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, rājā mahāvijito purohitaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ āmantetvā etadavoca – ‘idha mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – adhigatā kho me vipulā mānusakā bhogā , mahantaṃ pathavimaṇḍalaṃ abhivijiya ajjhāvasāmi. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajeyyaṃ yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Icchāmahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ. Anusāsatu maṃ bhavaṃ yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’’ti.



听到这些话后，那些婆罗门对婆罗门古达塔说："古达塔先生如此赞美乔达摩沙门，即使这位乔达摩住在一百由旬远的地方，一个有信仰的善男子也应该去见他，即使要背着食物去。""那么，诸位，我们所有人都去见乔达摩沙门吧。"
大胜王的祭祀故事
于是，婆罗门古达塔和一大群婆罗门一起来到芒果园，来到世尊那里。来到后，与世尊互相问候。寒暄完毕后，坐在一旁。卡努马塔的一些婆罗门居士向世尊致敬后坐在一旁；一些人与世尊互相问候，寒暄完毕后坐在一旁；一些人向世尊合掌后坐在一旁；一些人报上自己的姓名后坐在一旁；一些人默默地坐在一旁。
坐在一旁的婆罗门古达塔对世尊说："乔达摩先生，我听说'乔达摩沙门知道三种圆满祭祀和十六种祭祀用品'。但我不知道三种圆满祭祀和十六种祭祀用品。我想举行大祭祀。请乔达摩先生为我讲解三种圆满祭祀和十六种祭祀用品。"
"那么，婆罗门，仔细听，好好思考，我要讲了。""是的，先生。"婆罗门古达塔回答世尊。世尊说："婆罗门，从前有一位名叫大胜的国王，他富有、大富、多财，拥有大量的金银、财富和物资，仓库里充满了财宝和粮食。婆罗门，有一次，大胜王独自静坐时，心里这样想：'我已经获得了大量的人间财富，统治了广大的土地。我是否应该举行大祭祀，使我长期获得利益和快乐呢？'
"于是，婆罗门，大胜王召来祭司婆罗门，对他说：'婆罗门，我独自静坐时，心里这样想：我已经获得了大量的人间财富，统治了广大的土地。我是否应该举行大祭祀，使我长期获得利益和快乐呢？我想举行大祭祀。请指导我，使我长期获得利益和快乐。'"

338. ‘‘Evaṃ vutte, brāhmaṇa, purohito brāhmaṇo rājānaṃ mahāvijitaṃ etadavoca – ‘bhoto kho rañño janapado sakaṇṭako sauppīḷo, gāmaghātāpi dissanti, nigamaghātāpi dissanti, nagaraghātāpi dissanti , panthaduhanāpi dissanti. Bhavaṃ kho pana rājā evaṃ sakaṇṭake janapade sauppīḷe balimuddhareyya, akiccakārī assa tena bhavaṃ rājā. Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño evamassa – ‘‘ahametaṃ dassukhīlaṃ vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā pabbājanāya vā samūhanissāmī’’ti, na kho panetassa dassukhīlassa evaṃ sammā samugghāto hoti. Ye te hatāvasesakā bhavissanti, te pacchā rañño janapadaṃ viheṭhessanti. Api ca kho idaṃ saṃvidhānaṃ āgamma evametassa dassukhīlassa sammā samugghāto hoti. Tena hi bhavaṃ rājā ye bhoto rañño janapade ussahanti kasigorakkhe, tesaṃ bhavaṃ rājā bījabhattaṃ anuppadetu. Ye bhoto rañño janapade ussahanti vāṇijjāya, tesaṃ bhavaṃ rājā pābhataṃ anuppadetu. Ye bhoto rañño janapade ussahanti rājaporise, tesaṃ bhavaṃ rājā bhattavetanaṃ pakappetu. Te ca manussā sakammapasutā rañño janapadaṃ na viheṭhessanti; mahā ca rañño rāsiko bhavissati. Khemaṭṭhitā janapadā akaṇṭakā anuppīḷā. Manussā mudā modamānā ure putte naccentā apārutagharā maññe viharissantī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bho’ti kho, brāhmaṇa, rājā mahāvijito purohitassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā ye rañño janapade ussahiṃsu kasigorakkhe, tesaṃ rājā mahāvijito bījabhattaṃ anuppadāsi. Ye ca rañño janapade ussahiṃsu vāṇijjāya, tesaṃ rājā mahāvijito pābhataṃ anuppadāsi. Ye ca rañño janapade ussahiṃsu rājaporise, tesaṃ rājā mahāvijito bhattavetanaṃ pakappesi. Te ca manussā sakammapasutā rañño janapadaṃ na viheṭhiṃsu, mahā ca rañño rāsiko ahosi. Khemaṭṭhitā janapadā akaṇṭakā anuppīḷā manussā mudā modamānā ure putte naccentā apārutagharā maññe vihariṃsu. Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, rājā mahāvijito purohitaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ āmantetvā etadavoca – ‘samūhato kho me bhoto dassukhīlo, bhoto saṃvidhānaṃ āgamma mahā ca me rāsiko. Khemaṭṭhitā janapadā akaṇṭakā anuppīḷā manussā mudā modamānā ure putte naccentā apārutagharā maññe viharanti. Icchāmahaṃ brāhmaṇa mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ. Anusāsatu maṃ bhavaṃ yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti.

Catuparikkhāraṃ

339. ‘‘Tena hi bhavaṃ rājā ye bhoto rañño janapade khattiyā ānuyantā negamā ceva jānapadā ca te bhavaṃ rājā āmantayataṃ – ‘icchāmahaṃ, bho, mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ, anujānantu me bhavanto yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Ye bhoto rañño janapade amaccā pārisajjā negamā ceva jānapadā ca…pe… brāhmaṇamahāsālā negamā ceva jānapadā ca…pe… gahapatinecayikā negamā ceva jānapadā ca, te bhavaṃ rājā āmantayataṃ – ‘icchāmahaṃ, bho, mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ, anujānantu me bhavanto yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bho’ti kho, brāhmaṇa, rājā mahāvijito purohitassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā ye rañño janapade khattiyā ānuyantā negamā ceva jānapadā ca, te rājā mahāvijito āmantesi – ‘icchāmahaṃ, bho, mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ, anujānantu me bhavanto yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. ‘Yajataṃ bhavaṃ rājā yaññaṃ, yaññakālo mahārājā’ti. Ye rañño janapade amaccā pārisajjā negamā ceva jānapadā ca…pe… brāhmaṇamahāsālā negamā ceva jānapadā ca…pe… gahapatinecayikā negamā ceva jānapadā ca, te rājā mahāvijito āmantesi – ‘icchāmahaṃ, bho , mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ. Anujānantu me bhavanto yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. ‘Yajataṃ bhavaṃ rājā yaññaṃ, yaññakālo mahārājā’ti. Itime cattāro anumatipakkhā tasseva yaññassa parikkhārā bhavanti.

Aṭṭha parikkhārā



"婆罗门，听到这话后，祭司婆罗门对大胜王说：'陛下的国土正遭受骚扰和压迫，可以看到村庄被毁，城镇被毁，城市被毁，还有强盗出没。如果陛下在这样受骚扰和压迫的国土中征收赋税，那就是做了不该做的事。陛下可能会想："我要用处死、监禁、罚款、谴责或流放的方式来消除这些盗匪的祸害。"但这样并不能彻底消除盗匪的祸害。那些幸存下来的人以后还会骚扰陛下的国土。不过，采取这个办法可以彻底消除盗匪的祸害。陛下应该为国内从事农业和畜牧业的人提供种子和食物，为从事贸易的人提供资本，为从事政府工作的人提供食物和工资。这样，这些人专注于自己的工作，就不会骚扰陛下的国土；陛下的财富也会增加。国土会安定，没有骚扰和压迫。人民会快乐欢喜，抱着孩子在胸前跳舞，家门敞开，好像不用关门一样。''是的，先生。'婆罗门，大胜王听从了祭司婆罗门的话，为国内从事农业和畜牧业的人提供种子和食物，为从事贸易的人提供资本，为从事政府工作的人提供食物和工资。这些人专注于自己的工作，不再骚扰国王的国土；国王的财富也大大增加。国土安定，没有骚扰和压迫。人民快乐欢喜，抱着孩子在胸前跳舞，家门敞开，好像不用关门一样。婆罗门，然后大胜王召来祭司婆罗门，对他说：'先生，按照你的建议，盗匪的祸害已经被消除了，我的财富也大大增加。国土安定，没有骚扰和压迫。人民快乐欢喜，抱着孩子在胸前跳舞，家门敞开，好像不用关门一样。我想举行大祭祀。请指导我，使我长期获得利益和快乐。'
四种准备
"'那么，陛下应该召集国内的刹帝利臣属、城镇和乡村的人，对他们说：'诸位，我想举行大祭祀，请允许我这样做，使我长期获得利益和快乐。'陛下还应该召集国内的大臣、随从、城镇和乡村的人......富有的婆罗门、城镇和乡村的人......富有的居士、城镇和乡村的人，对他们说：'诸位，我想举行大祭祀，请允许我这样做，使我长期获得利益和快乐。''是的，先生。'婆罗门，大胜王听从了祭司婆罗门的话，召集了国内的刹帝利臣属、城镇和乡村的人，对他们说：'诸位，我想举行大祭祀，请允许我这样做，使我长期获得利益和快乐。''陛下请举行祭祀吧，现在正是举行祭祀的时候，大王。'国王还召集了国内的大臣、随从、城镇和乡村的人......富有的婆罗门、城镇和乡村的人......富有的居士、城镇和乡村的人，对他们说：'诸位，我想举行大祭祀，请允许我这样做，使我长期获得利益和快乐。''陛下请举行祭祀吧，现在正是举行祭祀的时候，大王。'这四种同意是那场祭祀的准备。
八种准备

340. ‘‘Rājā mahāvijito aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato, ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya; aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo pahūtajātarūparajato pahūtavittūpakaraṇo pahūtadhanadhañño paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro; balavā caturaṅginiyā senāya samannāgato assavāya ovādapaṭikarāya sahati [patapati (sī. pī.), tapati (syā.)] maññe paccatthike yasasā; saddho dāyako dānapati anāvaṭadvāro samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikavaṇibbakayācakānaṃ opānabhūto puññāni karoti; bahussuto tassa tassa sutajātassa, tassa tasseva kho pana bhāsitassa atthaṃ jānāti ‘ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho’ti; paṇḍito, viyatto, medhāvī, paṭibalo, atītānāgatapaccuppanne atthe cintetuṃ. Rājā mahāvijito imehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato. Iti imānipi aṭṭhaṅgāni tasseva yaññassa parikkhārā bhavanti.

Catuparikkhāraṃ

341. ‘‘Purohito [purohitopi (ka. sī. ka.)] brāhmaṇo catuhaṅgehi samannāgato. Ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; sīlavā vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Purohito brāhmaṇo imehi catūhaṅgehi samannāgato. Iti imāni cattāri aṅgāni tasseva yaññassa parikkhārā bhavanti.

Tisso vidhā

342. ‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, purohito brāhmaṇo rañño mahāvijitassa pubbeva yaññā tisso vidhā desesi. Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yiṭṭhukāmassa [yiṭṭhakāmassa (ka.)] kocideva vippaṭisāro – ‘mahā vata me bhogakkhandho vigacchissatī’ti, so bhotā raññā vippaṭisāro na karaṇīyo. Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vippaṭisāro – ‘mahā vata me bhogakkhandho vigacchatī’ti, so bhotā raññā vippaṭisāro na karaṇīyo. Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yiṭṭhassa kocideva vippaṭisāro – ‘mahā vata me bhogakkhandho vigato’ti, so bhotā raññā vippaṭisāro na karaṇīyo’’ti. Imā kho, brāhmaṇa, purohito brāhmaṇo rañño mahāvijitassa pubbeva yaññā tisso vidhā desesi.

Dasa ākārā

343. ‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, purohito brāhmaṇo rañño mahāvijitassa pubbeva yaññā dasahākārehi paṭiggāhakesu vippaṭisāraṃ paṭivinesi. ‘Āgamissanti kho bhoto yaññaṃ pāṇātipātinopi pāṇātipātā paṭiviratāpi. Ye tattha pāṇātipātino, tesaññeva tena. Ye tattha pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, te ārabbha yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetu. Āgamissanti kho bhoto yaññaṃ adinnādāyinopi adinnādānā paṭiviratāpi…pe… kāmesu micchācārinopi kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratāpi… musāvādinopi musāvādā paṭiviratāpi… pisuṇavācinopi pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratāpi… pharusavācinopi pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratāpi… samphappalāpinopi samphappalāpā paṭiviratāpi … abhijjhālunopi anabhijjhālunopi… byāpannacittāpi abyāpannacittāpi… micchādiṭṭhikāpi sammādiṭṭhikāpi…. Ye tattha micchādiṭṭhikā, tesaññeva tena. Ye tattha sammādiṭṭhikā, te ārabbha yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetū’ti. Imehi kho, brāhmaṇa, purohito brāhmaṇo rañño mahāvijitassa pubbeva yaññā dasahākārehi paṭiggāhakesu vippaṭisāraṃ paṭivinesi.

Soḷasa ākārā



"大胜王具备八种品质：他出身高贵，父母双方血统纯正，追溯到七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评；他相貌英俊，令人愉悦，具有最高等的肤色，有梵天般的肤色和容貌，身材高大，值得一见；他富有、大富、多财，拥有大量的金银、财富和物资，仓库里充满了财宝和粮食；他强大，拥有四种军队，忠诚服从命令，似乎能征服敌人；他有信仰，乐于布施，对沙门、婆罗门、贫穷人、旅行者、乞丐和乞食者慷慨解囊，行善积德；他博学多闻，对所听闻的各种知识，能够理解其意义，知道'这是这句话的意思，那是那句话的意思'；他聪明、机智、有智慧，能够思考过去、未来和现在的事情。大胜王具备这八种品质。这八种品质也是那场祭祀的准备。
四种准备
"祭司婆罗门具备四种品质：他出身高贵，父母双方血统纯正，追溯到七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评；他是精通咒语的学者，通晓三吠陀，精通词义学和语音学，精通古传说为第五的学问，通晓词法和语法，精通顺世论和大人相；他有德行，具有成熟的德行；他聪明、机智、有智慧，是第一个或第二个举起祭勺的人。祭司婆罗门具备这四种品质。这四种品质也是那场祭祀的准备。
三种方法
"然后，婆罗门，祭司婆罗门在祭祀之前向大胜王讲解了三种方法：'陛下想要举行大祭祀时，可能会有某种后悔：'我将失去大量财富'，陛下不应该有这种后悔。陛下正在举行大祭祀时，可能会有某种后悔：'我正在失去大量财富'，陛下不应该有这种后悔。陛下举行完大祭祀后，可能会有某种后悔：'我已经失去大量财富'，陛下不应该有这种后悔。'婆罗门，这就是祭司婆罗门在祭祀之前向大胜王讲解的三种方法。
十种方式
"然后，婆罗门，祭司婆罗门在祭祀之前用十种方式消除了国王对接受祭品者的后悔：'有杀生的人和不杀生的人都会来参加陛下的祭祀。对于那些杀生的人，就让他们自己承担后果。对于那些不杀生的人，陛下应该为他们举行祭祀，准备祭品，欢喜，只要内心保持喜悦就好。有偷盗的人和不偷盗的人都会来......有邪淫的人和不邪淫的人都会来......有说谎的人和不说谎的人都会来......有两舌的人和不两舌的人都会来......有恶口的人和不恶口的人都会来......有绮语的人和不绮语的人都会来......有贪婪的人和不贪婪的人都会来......有嗔恨心的人和没有嗔恨心的人都会来......有邪见的人和正见的人都会来参加陛下的祭祀。对于那些邪见的人，就让他们自己承担后果。对于那些正见的人，陛下应该为他们举行祭祀，准备祭品，欢喜，只要内心保持喜悦就好。'婆罗门，这就是祭司婆罗门在祭祀之前用十种方式消除了国王对接受祭品者的后悔。
十六种方式

344. ‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, purohito brāhmaṇo rañño mahāvijitassa mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa soḷasahākārehi cittaṃ sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vattā – ‘rājā kho mahāvijito mahāyaññaṃ yajati, no ca kho tassa āmantitā khattiyā ānuyantā negamā ceva jānapadā ca; atha ca pana bhavaṃ rājā evarūpaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajatī’ti . Evampi bhoto rañño vattā dhammato natthi. Bhotā kho pana raññā āmantitā khattiyā ānuyantā negamā ceva jānapadā ca . Imināpetaṃ bhavaṃ rājā jānātu, yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetu.

‘‘Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vattā – ‘rājā kho mahāvijito mahāyaññaṃ yajati, no ca kho tassa āmantitā amaccā pārisajjā negamā ceva jānapadā ca…pe… brāhmaṇamahāsālā negamā ceva jānapadā ca…pe… gahapatinecayikā negamā ceva jānapadā ca, atha ca pana bhavaṃ rājā evarūpaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajatī’ti. Evampi bhoto rañño vattā dhammato natthi. Bhotā kho pana raññā āmantitā gahapatinecayikā negamā ceva jānapadā ca. Imināpetaṃ bhavaṃ rājā jānātu, yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetu.

‘‘Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vattā – ‘rājā kho mahāvijito mahāyaññaṃ yajati, no ca kho ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, atha ca pana bhavaṃ rājā evarūpaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajatī’ti. Evampi bhoto rañño vattā dhammato natthi. Bhavaṃ kho pana rājā ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Imināpetaṃ bhavaṃ rājā jānātu, yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetu.

‘‘Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vattā – ‘rājā kho mahāvijito mahāyaññaṃ yajati no ca kho abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe… no ca kho aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo pahūtajātarūparajato pahūtavittūpakaraṇo pahūtadhanadhañño paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro…pe… no ca kho balavā caturaṅginiyā senāya samannāgato assavāya ovādapaṭikarāya sahati maññe paccatthike yasasā…pe… no ca kho saddho dāyako dānapati anāvaṭadvāro samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikavaṇibbakayācakānaṃ opānabhūto puññāni karoti…pe… no ca kho bahussuto tassa tassa sutajātassa…pe… no ca kho tassa tasseva kho pana bhāsitassa atthaṃ jānāti ‘‘ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho, ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho’’ti…pe… no ca kho paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī paṭibalo atītānāgatapaccuppanne atthe cintetuṃ, atha ca pana bhavaṃ rājā evarūpaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajatī’ti . Evampi bhoto rañño vattā dhammato natthi. Bhavaṃ kho pana rājā paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī paṭibalo atītānāgatapaccuppanne atthe cintetuṃ. Imināpetaṃ bhavaṃ rājā jānātu , yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetu.

‘‘Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vattā – ‘rājā kho mahāvijito mahāyaññaṃ yajati. No ca khvassa purohito brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; atha ca pana bhavaṃ rājā evarūpaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajatī’ti. Evampi bhoto rañño vattā dhammato natthi. Bhoto kho pana rañño purohito brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Imināpetaṃ bhavaṃ rājā jānātu, yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetu.



那么，婆罗门啊，祭司婆罗门向正在举行大祭祀的大胜王以十六种方式说明、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜。"大王正在举行大祭祀时，或许有人会这样说:'大胜王正在举行大祭祀，但他没有邀请随从的刹帝利、城邑和乡村的居民;然而大王却举行如此盛大的祭祀。'这样对大王的批评是不合理的。因为大王确实邀请了随从的刹帝利、城邑和乡村的居民。请大王知晓此事,请大王祭祀吧,请大王准备吧,请大王欢喜吧,请大王内心平静吧。
大王正在举行大祭祀时，或许有人会这样说:'大胜王正在举行大祭祀，但他没有邀请大臣、随从、城邑和乡村的居民...乃至...城邑和乡村的富有婆罗门...乃至...城邑和乡村的富有居士,然而大王却举行如此盛大的祭祀。'这样对大王的批评是不合理的。因为大王确实邀请了城邑和乡村的富有居士。请大王知晓此事,请大王祭祀吧,请大王准备吧,请大王欢喜吧,请大王内心平静吧。
大王正在举行大祭祀时，或许有人会这样说:'大胜王正在举行大祭祀，但他并非父母双方血统纯正,追溯七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评,然而大王却举行如此盛大的祭祀。'这样对大王的批评是不合理的。因为大王确实父母双方血统纯正,追溯七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评。请大王知晓此事,请大王祭祀吧,请大王准备吧,请大王欢喜吧,请大王内心平静吧。
大王正在举行大祭祀时，或许有人会这样说:'大胜王正在举行大祭祀，但他并非相貌端正,令人喜悦,具有最高的美丽,有梵天般的肤色和容貌,身材高大,值得一见...乃至...并非富有,拥有大量财富,大量金银,充足的生活资具,充满金银财宝的仓库...乃至...并非强大,拥有四种军队,忠诚服从命令,似乎能以威望征服敌人...乃至...并非虔诚,乐于布施,对沙门、婆罗门、贫穷、流浪者、乞丐和乞食者开放家门,如同水井一般行善...乃至...并非多闻,精通各种学问...乃至...并不能理解所说之义,'这是这句话的意思,这是那句话的意思'...乃至...并非聪明、机智、有智慧,能够思考过去、未来、现在的事情,然而大王却举行如此盛大的祭祀。'这样对大王的批评是不合理的。因为大王确实聪明、机智、有智慧,能够思考过去、未来、现在的事情。请大王知晓此事,请大王祭祀吧,请大王准备吧,请大王欢喜吧,请大王内心平静吧。
大王正在举行大祭祀时，或许有人会这样说:'大胜王正在举行大祭祀，但他的祭司婆罗门并非父母双方血统纯正,追溯七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评,然而大王却举行如此盛大的祭祀。'这样对大王的批评是不合理的。因为大王的祭司婆罗门确实父母双方血统纯正,追溯七代祖先都没有受到出身的指责和批评。请大王知晓此事,请大王祭祀吧,请大王准备吧,请大王欢喜吧,请大王内心平静吧。


‘‘Siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vattā – ‘rājā kho mahāvijito mahāyaññaṃ yajati. No ca khvassa purohito brāhmaṇo ajjhāyako mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo…pe… no ca khvassa purohito brāhmaṇo sīlavā vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato…pe… no ca khvassa purohito brāhmaṇo paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ, atha ca pana bhavaṃ rājā evarūpaṃ mahāyaññaṃ yajatī’ti. Evampi bhoto rañño vattā dhammato natthi. Bhoto kho pana rañño purohito brāhmaṇo paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imināpetaṃ bhavaṃ rājā jānātu, yajataṃ bhavaṃ, sajjataṃ bhavaṃ, modataṃ bhavaṃ, cittameva bhavaṃ antaraṃ pasādetūti. Imehi kho, brāhmaṇa, purohito brāhmaṇo rañño mahāvijitassa mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa soḷasahi ākārehi cittaṃ sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi.

345. ‘‘Tasmiṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññe neva gāvo haññiṃsu, na ajeḷakā haññiṃsu, na kukkuṭasūkarā haññiṃsu, na vividhā pāṇā saṃghātaṃ āpajjiṃsu, na rukkhā chijjiṃsu yūpatthāya, na dabbhā lūyiṃsu barihisatthāya [parihiṃsatthāya (syā. ka. sī. ka.), parahiṃsatthāya (ka.)]. Yepissa ahesuṃ dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā, tepi na daṇḍatajjitā na bhayatajjitā na assumukhā rudamānā parikammāni akaṃsu. Atha kho ye icchiṃsu, te akaṃsu, ye na icchiṃsu, na te akaṃsu; yaṃ icchiṃsu, taṃ akaṃsu, yaṃ na icchiṃsu, na taṃ akaṃsu. Sappitelanavanītadadhimadhuphāṇitena ceva so yañño niṭṭhānamagamāsi.

346. ‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, khattiyā ānuyantā negamā ceva jānapadā ca, amaccā pārisajjā negamā ceva jānapadā ca, brāhmaṇamahāsālā negamā ceva jānapadā ca, gahapatinecayikā negamā ceva jānapadā ca pahūtaṃ sāpateyyaṃ ādāya rājānaṃ mahāvijitaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘idaṃ, deva, pahūtaṃ sāpateyyaṃ devaññeva uddissābhataṃ, taṃ devo paṭiggaṇhātū’ti. ‘Alaṃ, bho, mamāpidaṃ pahūtaṃ sāpateyyaṃ dhammikena balinā abhisaṅkhataṃ; tañca vo hotu, ito ca bhiyyo harathā’ti. Te raññā paṭikkhittā ekamantaṃ apakkamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ – ‘na kho etaṃ amhākaṃ patirūpaṃ, yaṃ mayaṃ imāni sāpateyyāni punadeva sakāni gharāni paṭihareyyāma. Rājā kho mahāvijito mahāyaññaṃ yajati, handassa mayaṃ anuyāgino homā’ti.

347. ‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa, puratthimena yaññavāṭassa [yaññāvāṭassa (sī. pī. ka.)] khattiyā ānuyantā negamā ceva jānapadā ca dānāni paṭṭhapesuṃ. Dakkhiṇena yaññavāṭassa amaccā pārisajjā negamā ceva jānapadā ca dānāni paṭṭhapesuṃ. Pacchimena yaññavāṭassa brāhmaṇamahāsālā negamā ceva jānapadā ca dānāni paṭṭhapesuṃ. Uttarena yaññavāṭassa gahapatinecayikā negamā ceva jānapadā ca dānāni paṭṭhapesuṃ.

‘‘Tesupi kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññesu neva gāvo haññiṃsu, na ajeḷakā haññiṃsu, na kukkuṭasūkarā haññiṃsu, na vividhā pāṇā saṃghātaṃ āpajjiṃsu, na rukkhā chijjiṃsu yūpatthāya, na dabbhā lūyiṃsu barihisatthāya. Yepi nesaṃ ahesuṃ dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā, tepi na daṇḍatajjitā na bhayatajjitā na assumukhā rudamānā parikammāni akaṃsu. Atha kho ye icchiṃsu, te akaṃsu, ye na icchiṃsu, na te akaṃsu; yaṃ icchiṃsu, taṃ akaṃsu, yaṃ na icchiṃsu na taṃ akaṃsu. Sappitelanavanītadadhimadhuphāṇitena ceva te yaññā niṭṭhānamagamaṃsu.

‘‘Iti cattāro ca anumatipakkhā, rājā mahāvijito aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato, purohito brāhmaṇo catūhaṅgehi samannāgato; tisso ca vidhā ayaṃ vuccati brāhmaṇa tividhā yaññasampadā soḷasaparikkhārā’’ti.



大王正在举行大祭祀时，或许有人会这样说:"大胜王正在举行大祭祀。但他的祭司婆罗门并非精通咒语、持诵咒语、通晓三吠陀、精通词汇学和语音学、通晓古传说为第五部分的学问、精通词句、精通文法、精通世间学说和大人相...乃至...他的祭司婆罗门并非持戒、具有高尚品德...乃至...他的祭司婆罗门并非聪明、机智、有智慧,在举行祭祀时不是第一或第二个拿起祭勺的人,然而大王却举行如此盛大的祭祀。"这样对大王的批评是不合理的。因为大王的祭司婆罗门确实聪明、机智、有智慧,在举行祭祀时是第一或第二个拿起祭勺的人。请大王知晓此事,请大王祭祀吧,请大王准备吧,请大王欢喜吧,请大王内心平静吧。婆罗门啊,祭司婆罗门就是以这十六种方式向正在举行大祭祀的大胜王说明、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜。
婆罗门啊,在那次祭祀中,没有杀牛,没有杀羊和山羊,没有杀鸡和猪,也没有杀害各种生物,没有为祭祀柱砍伐树木,没有为祭祀草垫割草。那些被称为奴隶、仆人或工人的人,也没有在鞭打和恐吓下、哭泣着做准备工作。相反,那些愿意做的人就做,不愿意做的人就不做;他们想做什么就做什么,不想做什么就不做什么。这次祭祀只用酥油、油、酸奶、蜂蜜和糖蜜来完成。
然后,婆罗门啊,随从的刹帝利、城邑和乡村的居民,大臣、随从、城邑和乡村的居民,富有的婆罗门、城邑和乡村的居民,富有的居士、城邑和乡村的居民带着大量财物来到大胜王面前说:"陛下,这是为陛下带来的大量财物,请陛下接受。"(大王说:)"够了,诸位,我已经通过正当的税收获得了大量财物。你们留着吧,还可以从这里拿走更多。"他们被国王拒绝后,退到一旁想道:"我们把这些财物再带回家是不合适的。大胜王正在举行大祭祀,我们应该跟随他一起祭祀。"
然后,婆罗门啊,在祭场的东方,随从的刹帝利、城邑和乡村的居民开始布施。在祭场的南方,大臣、随从、城邑和乡村的居民开始布施。在祭场的西方,富有的婆罗门、城邑和乡村的居民开始布施。在祭场的北方,富有的居士、城邑和乡村的居民开始布施。
在这些祭祀中,婆罗门啊,也没有杀牛,没有杀羊和山羊,没有杀鸡和猪,也没有杀害各种生物,没有为祭祀柱砍伐树木,没有为祭祀草垫割草。那些被称为奴隶、仆人或工人的人,也没有在鞭打和恐吓下、哭泣着做准备工作。相反,那些愿意做的人就做,不愿意做的人就不做;他们想做什么就做什么,不想做什么就不做什么。这些祭祀只用酥油、油、酸奶、蜂蜜和糖蜜来完成。
这样,四种随从阶层,具有八种品质的大胜王,具有四种品质的祭司婆罗门,以及三种方式,婆罗门啊,这被称为具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀。

348. Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā unnādino uccāsaddamahāsaddā ahesuṃ – ‘‘aho yañño, aho yaññasampadā’’ti! Kūṭadanto pana brāhmaṇo tūṇhībhūtova nisinno hoti. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā kūṭadantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kasmā pana bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇassa gotamassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodatī’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bho, samaṇassa gotamassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodāmi. Muddhāpi tassa vipateyya, yo samaṇassa gotamassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodeyya. Api ca me, bho, evaṃ hoti – samaṇo gotamo na evamāha – ‘evaṃ me suta’nti vā ‘evaṃ arahati bhavitu’nti vā; api ca samaṇo gotamo – ‘evaṃ tadā āsi, itthaṃ tadā āsi’ tveva bhāsati. Tassa mayhaṃ bho evaṃ hoti – ‘addhā samaṇo gotamo tena samayena rājā vā ahosi mahāvijito yaññassāmi purohito vā brāhmaṇo tassa yaññassa yājetā’ti. Abhijānāti pana bhavaṃ gotamo evarūpaṃ yaññaṃ yajitvā vā yājetvā vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjitāti’’? ‘‘Abhijānāmahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evarūpaṃ yaññaṃ yajitvā vā yājetvā vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjitā, ahaṃ tena samayena purohito brāhmaṇo ahosiṃ tassa yaññassa yājetā’’ti.

Niccadānaanukulayaññaṃ

349. ‘‘Atthi pana, bho gotama, añño yañño imāya tividhāya yaññasampadāya [tividhayaññasampadāya (ka.)] soḷasaparikkhārāya appaṭṭhataro [appatthataro (syā. kaṃ.)] ca appasamārambhataro [appasamārabbhataro (sī. pī. ka.)] ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, añño yañño imāya tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

‘‘Katamo pana so, bho gotama, yañño imāya tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Yāni kho pana tāni, brāhmaṇa, niccadānāni anukulayaññāni sīlavante pabbajite uddissa diyyanti; ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, yañño imāya tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

‘‘Ko nu kho, bho gotama, hetu ko paccayo, yena taṃ niccadānaṃ anukulayaññaṃ imāya tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya appaṭṭhatarañca appasamārambhatarañca mahapphalatarañca mahānisaṃsatarañcā’’ti ?

‘‘Na kho, brāhmaṇa, evarūpaṃ yaññaṃ upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Dissanti hettha, brāhmaṇa, daṇḍappahārāpi galaggahāpi, tasmā evarūpaṃ yaññaṃ na upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā. Yāni kho pana tāni, brāhmaṇa, niccadānāni anukulayaññāni sīlavante pabbajite uddissa diyyanti; evarūpaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññaṃ upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hettha, brāhmaṇa, dissanti daṇḍappahārāpi galaggahāpi, tasmā evarūpaṃ yaññaṃ upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā. Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, hetu ayaṃ paccayo, yena taṃ niccadānaṃ anukulayaññaṃ imāya tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya appaṭṭhatarañca appasamārambhatarañca mahapphalatarañca mahānisaṃsatarañcā’’ti.



说完这些话后,那些婆罗门大声喧哗,发出巨大的声音:"啊,多么伟大的祭祀!啊,多么圆满的祭祀!"但是婆罗门库塔丹塔却默默地坐着。那些婆罗门对库塔丹塔婆罗门说:"为什么尊者库塔丹塔不赞同沙门乔达摩所说的好话呢?"(库塔丹塔回答:)"诸位,我并非不赞同沙门乔达摩所说的好话。如果有人不赞同沙门乔达摩所说的好话,他的头可能会裂开。但是,诸位,我是这样想的:沙门乔达摩并没有说'我是这样听说的'或'应该是这样的';相反,沙门乔达摩说'当时是这样的,当时是那样的'。诸位,因此我这样想:'无疑,沙门乔达摩当时要么是大胜王,要么是为他举行祭祀的祭司婆罗门。'但是,尊者乔达摩,您是否记得举行或指导这样的祭祀后,身坏命终,往生善趣天界?"
"婆罗门,我确实记得举行或指导这样的祭祀后,身坏命终,往生善趣天界。那时我是那次祭祀的祭司婆罗门,负责指导祭祀。"
经常性布施和家族祭祀
"尊者乔达摩,是否有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀?"
"婆罗门,确实有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀。"
"尊者乔达摩,那是什么样的祭祀比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益呢?"
"婆罗门,那就是为有德行的出家人所做的经常性布施和家族祭祀。这种祭祀比具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益。"
"尊者乔达摩,是什么原因,什么条件,使得这种经常性布施和家族祭祀比具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益呢?"
"婆罗门,阿罗汉或已入阿罗汉道的人不会参加那样的祭祀。为什么呢?因为在那里可以看到鞭打和掐脖子,所以阿罗汉或已入阿罗汉道的人不会参加那样的祭祀。但是,婆罗门,对于为有德行的出家人所做的经常性布施和家族祭祀,阿罗汉或已入阿罗汉道的人会参加。为什么呢?因为在那里看不到鞭打和掐脖子,所以阿罗汉或已入阿罗汉道的人会参加那样的祭祀。婆罗门,这就是为什么这种经常性布施和家族祭祀比具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的原因和条件。"

350. ‘‘Atthi pana, bho gotama, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

‘‘Katamo pana so, bho gotama, yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Yo kho, brāhmaṇa, cātuddisaṃ saṅghaṃ uddissa vihāraṃ karoti, ayaṃ kho , brāhmaṇa, yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

351. ‘‘Atthi pana, bho gotama, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

‘‘Katamo pana so, bho gotama, yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Yo kho, brāhmaṇa, pasannacitto buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchati, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchati, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchati; ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

352. ‘‘Atthi pana, bho gotama, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena imehi ca saraṇagamanehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena imehi ca saraṇagamanehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

‘‘Katamo pana so, bho gotama, yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena imehi ca saraṇagamanehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Yo kho, brāhmaṇa, pasannacitto sikkhāpadāni samādiyati – pāṇātipātā veramaṇiṃ, adinnādānā veramaṇiṃ, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇiṃ, musāvādā veramaṇiṃ, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇiṃ. Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena imehi ca saraṇagamanehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.



"尊者乔达摩,是否有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀和经常性布施、家族祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀?"
"婆罗门,确实有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀和经常性布施、家族祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀。"
"尊者乔达摩,那是什么样的祭祀比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀和经常性布施、家族祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益呢?"
"婆罗门,为四方僧团建造寺院,这种祭祀比具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀和经常性布施、家族祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益。"
"尊者乔达摩,是否有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀和建造寺院更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀?"
"婆罗门,确实有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀和建造寺院更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀。"
"尊者乔达摩,那是什么样的祭祀比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀和建造寺院更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益呢?"
"婆罗门,以虔诚的心皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧,这种祭祀比具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀和建造寺院更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益。"
"尊者乔达摩,是否有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀、建造寺院和三皈依更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀?"
"婆罗门,确实有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀、建造寺院和三皈依更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀。"
"尊者乔达摩,那是什么样的祭祀比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀、建造寺院和三皈依更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益呢?"
"婆罗门,以虔诚的心受持学处 - 不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒。这种祭祀比具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀、建造寺院和三皈依更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益。"

353. ‘‘Atthi pana, bho gotama, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena imehi ca saraṇagamanehi imehi ca sikkhāpadehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, añño yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena imehi ca saraṇagamanehi imehi ca sikkhāpadehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti.

‘‘Katamo pana so, bho gotama, yañño imāya ca tividhāya yaññasampadāya soḷasaparikkhārāya iminā ca niccadānena anukulayaññena iminā ca vihāradānena imehi ca saraṇagamanehi imehi ca sikkhāpadehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti?

‘‘Idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-212 anucchedesu, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, yañño purimehi yaññehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro ca…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, yañño purimehi yaññehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cāti. Ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, yañño purimehi yaññehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro ca…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, yañño purimehi yaññehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro ca. Imāya ca, brāhmaṇa, yaññasampadāya aññā yaññasampadā uttaritarā vā paṇītatarā vā natthī’’ti.

Kūṭadantaupāsakattapaṭivedanā

354. Evaṃ vutte, kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ. Esāhaṃ bho gotama satta ca usabhasatāni satta ca vacchatarasatāni satta ca vacchatarīsatāni satta ca ajasatāni satta ca urabbhasatāni muñcāmi, jīvitaṃ demi, haritāni ceva tiṇāni khādantu, sītāni ca pānīyāni pivantu, sīto ca nesaṃ vāto upavāyatū’’ti.

Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyā

355. Atha kho bhagavā kūṭadantassa brāhmaṇassa anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ, dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ; kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā bhagavā aññāsi kūṭadantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ kallacittaṃ muducittaṃ vinīvaraṇacittaṃ udaggacittaṃ pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā, taṃ pakāsesi – dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, evameva kūṭadantassa brāhmaṇassa tasmiññeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.

356. Atha kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.



"尊者乔达摩,是否有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀、建造寺院、三皈依和受持学处更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀?"
"婆罗门,确实有比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀、建造寺院、三皈依和受持学处更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益的其他祭祀。"
"尊者乔达摩,那是什么样的祭祀比这种具有十六种准备的三重圆满祭祀、经常性布施、家族祭祀、建造寺院、三皈依和受持学处更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益呢?"
"婆罗门,在这里,如来出现于世间,是阿罗汉、正等正觉者...(如第190-212段所述,应详细说明)。这样,婆罗门,比丘具足戒行...证得初禅。婆罗门,这种祭祀比前面的祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益...证得第二禅...第三禅...第四禅。婆罗门,这种祭祀也比前面的祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益。他引导、倾向心于智见...婆罗门,这种祭祀也比前面的祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益...他了知'不再有来生'。婆罗门,这种祭祀也比前面的祭祀更简单、更少麻烦、更有成果、更有利益。婆罗门,没有比这种圆满祭祀更高或更殊胜的祭祀了。"
库塔丹塔成为优婆塞
听到这些,库塔丹塔婆罗门对世尊说:"太奇妙了,乔达摩先生!太奇妙了,乔达摩先生!就像有人扶起倒下的东西,揭开遮蔽的东西,为迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起油灯,让有眼之人得见诸色。同样地,乔达摩先生以种种方便阐明了法。我皈依乔达摩先生、法和比丘僧团。愿乔达摩先生接受我为优婆塞,从今日起终生皈依。乔达摩先生,我释放七百头公牛、七百头小公牛、七百头小母牛、七百只山羊和七百只绵羊,让它们获得生命,让它们吃绿草,喝凉水,让凉风吹拂它们。"
证得预流果
然后,世尊为库塔丹塔婆罗门作次第说法,即布施说、戒说、天界说;说明欲望的过患、卑贱、污秽,以及出离的功德。当世尊知道库塔丹塔婆罗门的心已经准备好、柔软、无障碍、愉悦、清净时,他就开示诸佛特有的法要 - 苦、集、灭、道。就像一块干净的、无污垢的布能很好地吸收染料一样,库塔丹塔婆罗门就在那座位上生起了远尘离垢的法眼:"凡是有生起的性质,都是有灭尽的性质。"
然后,库塔丹塔婆罗门已见法、得法、知法、深入法,度疑惑、断犹豫,得无畏,不依赖他人而于大师教法中,对世尊说:"愿乔达摩先生和比丘僧团接受我明天的供养。"世尊以沉默表示同意。

357. Atha kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake yaññavāṭe paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama; niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti.



然后,库塔丹塔婆罗门知道世尊已经同意后,从座位上起身,向世尊行礼,右绕后离开。之后,库塔丹塔婆罗门在那天夜里过后,在自己的祭场准备了精美的硬食和软食,然后派人向世尊报告时间:"乔达摩先生,时间到了,饭食已经准备好了。"
provided by EasyChat

358. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena kūṭadantassa brāhmaṇassa yaññavāṭo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi.

Atha kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho kūṭadanto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho kūṭadantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti.

Kūṭadantasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ pañcamaṃ.

然后,世尊在上午穿好衣服,拿着钵和衣,与比丘僧团一起来到库塔丹塔婆罗门的祭场;到达后,坐在准备好的座位上。
然后,库塔丹塔婆罗门亲手以精美的硬食和软食供养以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,使他们满足。当世尊用完餐,放下钵时,库塔丹塔婆罗门取一低座,坐在一旁。世尊以法语对坐在一旁的库塔丹塔婆罗门开示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜,然后从座位起身离开。
库塔丹塔经第五完。

